形式抑或实质:英美司法风格的差异及其启示

Abstract

遵循先例作为普通法系各国共同的基本规则,在英美两国司法过程中却存在差异。在贯彻先例规则时,英国的法官更注重形式推理,司法过程呈现明显的克制性与统一性;而美国的法官更注重实质推理,强调能动司法,司法过程具有明显的灵活性,并呈现出动态的发展模式。两国司法风格的差异根植于两国的文化之中。中国的法官现阶段应秉持司法能动的理念,但应当是司法克制下的司法能动,以衡平法律秩序与社会正义的内在冲突。

As the joint general rule of Civil Law,stare decisis differs in judicial practice between England and America.When the rule of stare decisis is implemented in practice,the England judges emphasize on formal reasoning,adhere to the severe rule,and the judicial process reveals obvious restraint and entity,while the American judges emphasize on substantive reasoning and judicial activism,the judicial process reveals obvious flexibility and dynamicity.The judicial style differences between England and America root in their culture.The Chinese judges should follow the idea of judicial activism to balance the conflict between legal orders and social justice,but the idea of judicial activism should be under the constraints in the judicial restraint.