安理会默示授权使用武力理论的非法性

Abstract

安理会“默示授权“使用武力,是一些国家在没有得到安理会明确授权使用武力的情况下,寻求的一种使自己使用武力的行为合法化的理论,其自提出以来就备受争议。无论是安理会,还是国际法院,也都未对此作出明确的回应或裁判。除了《联合国宪章》明确规定的安理会执行行动和国家行使自卫权以外,使用武力必须有安理会预先的明确授权(明示授权),否则将导致会员国无限制使用武力,对国际和平与安全造成威胁。在安理会的决议文本及行为皆不明确的时候,任何会员国不能通过对决议文本的宽泛解释推断安理会的意图,得出“默示授权“的结论。同时,安理会也应当加强其决议用语的法律性、明确性,以提高决议内容的识别性和可操作性。

The argument concerning the implied authorization by the Security Council on the use of force was raised by some states to justify their conducts when the express authorizations were absent.After brought forward,this argument is full of controversy.And neither the Security Council,nor ICJ,has expressly responded or made judgments on it.In order to prevent member states from using force unrestrainedly so as to threaten the international peace and security,any state that wants to use force should have the Security Council' s prior express authorization,except the enforcement action by Security Council and the exercises of self-defense according to the UN Charter.While the texts and actions of the Security Council' s authorizations were not explicit,any states should not make the conclusion of "implied authorization" by broadly interpreting the Security Council' s intention.However,the Security Council should improve the legality and definiteness of the authorizations' texts,so that the authorizations' distinctness and operability be improved.