论民事责任能力的价值属性

Abstract

民事责任能力是指能够辨认和控制自己的行为,因而须对其致人损害的后果独立承担侵权责任的资格,又称“过错能力“或“侵权行为能力“。民事责任能力不是不法行为能力、权利能力或客观财产能力。在侵权过失趋向客观化的今天,民事责任能力不再是过失的逻辑前提,而是以对一定的能力低下者提供免责保护为政策性考量而建立的制度。对于民事责任能力的判定,应采纳以年龄形式标准结合具体识别能力的结合主义模式。

Civil liability capability refers to the attribute that the legal entity is capable of identify and control its behavior,and thus should independently assume the responsibility for its infringement,i.e.,"fault capability" or "infringement capability".Civil liability capability is not the capability of misfeasance,right or objective property.Considering the trend of judgment on infringement more emphasizing on objective criteria,the civil liability capability is no longer suited as the premise of default,but as a protection for imbecile persons to Absolve their responsibility.The judgment of civil liability capacity should be based on the age and capability of identity.