流域上下游虚拟水转移核算及其在生态补偿标准定量中的应用
Virtual water from upstream to downstream in a watershed and its application to the ecological compensation
Abstract
流域上下游间生态补偿是解决跨境水资源管理的一种重要手段,旨在解决流域上下游间水环境保护者与受益者由于地理差异产生的外部性问题,目前被得到广泛应用。补偿标准的确定是生态补偿研究的关键,也是目前争议最多的问题之一。虚拟水作为水资源新兴概念,指的是生产产品和服务中所需要的水资源数量。流域上下游间一般存在农产品贸易带来的虚拟水转移,在流域水资源管理中应加以考虑。因此,本文将把虚拟水理论引入流域上下游间生态补偿标准量化体系中,建立了一套相对系统的流域生态补偿标准的确定方法。 流域上下游间具有一种特殊的关系。流域上游是生态敏感区,上游的环境投入直接影响整个流域的水质和水量;上游地区还是下游的水源保护地,... Watershed ecological compensation between upstream and downstream is an important means to deal with the trans-boundary water resources management, aiming at resolving externalities between protectors and beneficiaries in a watershed. How to determine payment criteria is a key issue and also a controversial point of ecological compensation. As a new concept about water resource, virtual water refe...