清代台湾义冢的破坏与维护

Abstract

【中文摘要】作为中国传统社会的产物，义冢不仅体现了清代台湾的传统中国色彩，且可以作为今人探讨台湾社会特质的凭借。清代台湾义冢的破坏，主要表现在侵垦与盗墓、勒索等方面。针对义冢的破坏，官方制定相关法规、坚持“息讼“原则、采用示禁的方法，民间则自行发展出一套约定俗成的处罚措施。然而，围绕义冢而产生的社会问题并非台湾所独有，这体现出清代台湾与大陆 (尤其是东南沿海地区）较多的相似性。这些社会问题既反映出台湾作为边疆社会的色彩，也印证了其作为移民社会的移植性特征。 【Abstract】As a tradition in old Chinese society, public cemeteries ,the burial grounds for the remains of unidentified persons, not only reflected the traditional Chinese color, but also showed us the social characteristics of Taiwan in the Qing Dynasty. The destruction of public cemeteries was mainly manifested in land infringing, grave robbing and blackmailing. In order to avoid the destruction, the government laid down the law, took a balanced position and issued prohibitions. The common people also took steps to prevent the destroying of the public cemeteries.In fact，the destruction not only occurred in Taiwan, but also in the southeast coast areas in the mainland. There were a lot of similarities across the Straight. Both the characteristics of frontier area and immigrant society are reflected in those similarities.