英美刑事非法证据排除规则比较研究
Comparison and Reference of the Rule of Illegally Obtained Evidence in Criminal Litigation between the Britain and the United States
Abstract
英美两国同属普通法系,美国法律制度作为普通法系这棵大树上的一根主枝,在吮吸着普通法的精华的同时,在众多方面发生了变异。美国人继承并发展了普通法,但并未全盘认同英国人的法律观。在刑事非法证据排除领域,英美两国对待刑事非法证据的基本立场存在较大差异。概言之,在刑事诉讼中,英国以采纳非法证据为原则,以排除非法证据为例外,是否排除由法官自由裁量;而美国则适用相对严格的排除法则。但美国自20世纪70年代以来逐步缩小非法证据排除规则的适用范围,在立场上与英国逐步趋同。英美两国对非法证据的不同处理存在多种原因,包括在宪政传统、遵循先例、政治架构、警察体制、民众对行政执法官的态度以及美国首席大法官的政治倾向等... The United States and the Britain belong to the same Common-Law System, the legal system of the United States, as an important part of the Common-Law System, has changed in various areas while absorbing the marrow of the Common-Law System. The United States has not identified with the Britain on many subjects of the Common-Law System. Take the rule of the illegally obtained evidence in criminal li...