荷兰“华二代”佛教徒的叠合身份认同研究

Abstract

论文以荷兰华人后代佛教徒为研究对象,探讨其在宗教信仰方面如何对融入当地社会和保持祖籍文化认同进行选择与平衡。结果显示,在融入和认同方面,华人后代(或称华人第二代、华二代)是一个特殊群体。与其说他们传承了具有族群特色的中国佛教,不如说他们选择了佛教这个世界性宗教下的大乘佛教。荷兰华人后代的佛教信仰是个积极的选择和建构过程。他们融入荷兰社会的事实,促使他们在宗教实践中淡化族群文化特色,以本土联系为导向,扎根荷兰本土,推动全球性佛教文化的建构。由此形成了独特的叠合身份认同模式:荷兰人认同和佛教徒认同为主;族群认同与宗教认同的分离;族群认同相对弱化、全球组织成员意识增强。

By targeting the Buddhists among the second generation of Chinese in Holland, this paper analyzes how their religious practice affects the balance between the identities of the host society and their ethnic cultures. It suggests that the second generation of Chinese Dutch （also called as the second generation of overseas Chinese or the Chinese second generation）, has been a unique group in terms of integration and identity. Instead of inheriting an ethnic religion like Chinese Buddhism, they have actually chosen to follow the Mahayana Buddhism as a sect of a global religion - Buddhism. The Chinese Dutch＇s Buddhism religion indicates an active process of selection and reconstruction. The integration of Chinese Dutch into the Dutch society enables them to weaken their ethnic features in religion practices. Leaded by local oriented affiliation and grounded by the local society, the Chinese Dutch facilitates the construction of globalized Buddhist culture. Therefore, a unique form of adhesive identity has been developed： Dutch identity and Buddhist identity are dominanted; ethnic identity and religious identity become separated; ethnic identity has been weakened; the awareness of belonging to a global organization has been strengthened.