高等教育公私并举与分类管理走势分析——基于中、法、德三国经验的视角

Abstract

二战之后,世界各国高等教育的举办主体发生变化,泾渭分明的公私界限逐渐模糊,高等教育办学体制从"国家举办"到"公私并举",高等教育管理体制从"高度集中"到"权力下放",高等教育投资体制从"政府拨款"到"多元筹资"。传统意义上的公立、私立高校的分类遇到了困境,判别维度不断"升级",区分标准更加复杂化,对各国高等教育制定新的管理政策提出了挑战,突破公私二元的分类管理模式成为中、法、德三国应对政策挑战的主要手段。我国民办高等教育分类管理政策应坚持资金分配的公共性原则、治理模式的平衡性原则、质量评估的自主性原则、公平发展的协调性原则。

After the Second World War, as changes have taken place in the world-wide running bodies of higher education, the boundary between public and private that was once clear is becoming blurry. School-running system of higher education varied from ＂state-running＂ to ＂simultaneous development of the public and private＂, management system of higher education varied from ＂highly centralized＂ to ＂decentralized＂, and investment system of higher education varied from ＂government appropriation＂ to ＂multi-channel financing＂. Traditionally, the public and private colleges and universities face the difficulties in classification. Since the dimensions of classification are increasingly ＂updated＂ and the distinguishing standards are becoming more complicated, challenges have been put forward on new policy-making on higher education in many countries. The classification management model that breaks the duality of the public and private has become the primary tool to cope with the policy challenges in China, France and Germany. In China, the policy for classification management of private higher education should stick to the public principle of allocation of funds, the balanced principle of governance model, the autonomy principle of quality evaluation, and the coordinative principle of fair development.