战国时代的铜器复古

Abstract

<正>战国时代,变法革新运动催生出剧烈的社会变革,不断影响和冲击着各地贵族的礼制思想与实践,形成了这一时期青铜礼器使用的众多显著特色,尤以铜器复古与革新并存最为典型。一方面,新式礼器不断涌现,取代传统器形,并逐渐走上生活化、世俗化的道路;另一方面,古老的器形或装饰特点被大量复制或仿造,规范严格的传统礼器制度也重新得到推崇,从而展现出强烈的复古风尚。近世以来,多有中西方学者关注这一议题。陈芳妹女士指出,自春秋中期伊始,高

The archaeologically unearthed burial materials showed that the old-fashioned bronze vessels such as gui-tureens with square podium, pu-vessels, three-sectioned zun-vessels, fangding-quadripods, and the decors on them, such as flanges and animal mask designs, of the Warring-States Period, were concentrated in the burials of the high-ranking aristocrats in the states other than the Qin State. These old-fashioned bronzes and decors were the concrete and intuitive demonstrations of the upper classes＇ ideas of conservativeness and antiquity-worshipping at that time. The ＂Dispute on （the superiority of） wen （external refinements） and zhi （internal substances）＂ recorded in the ritual literatures was just closely related to the antiquity-revival and innovation trends in the using of the bronze ritual vessels of the Warring-States Period, and the ideas of ＂admiring the antiquity and promoting the internal substances＂ would be the ideological root of the practices of the antiquity-revival of the bronze ritual vessels in the Warring-States Period.