日本华侨华人社会形成新论

Abstract

日本华侨华人群体是一种特殊的中国移民类型,历史上日本华侨华人社会的形成遇到重重困难。唐朝时期,日本的华侨华人移民群体虽然已初步形成,但始终处于松散状态。宋朝时期,日本的华侨华人已经成为一个稳定的、内部具有一定社会化联系的群体,然而元朝时跌入了低谷。日本华侨华人的社会化进程至迟到明后期已经完成。17世纪中叶中国—东南亚—日本的三角贸易关系对华人赴日产生重大影响。德川幕府时期,日本全面锁国,日本的华侨华人群体呈现萎缩。隋唐时期形成的中日文化传承关系,贯穿于整个日本华侨华人社会的发展过程,从而使赴日中国移民的文化使命显得特别醒目。

As a different type from that in Southeast Asia and Europe, the Chinese immigrant community in Japan suffered more during its history of formation. In the Tang dynasty a loose Chinese immigrant community in Japan had come into being. Until the Song dynasty the community had evolved into a stable community with inner social links. However, its development reached its lowest point during the Yuan dynasty. By the late Ming dynasty, the process of socialization of Chinese immigrants in Japan was completed. The triangular business network between China, Southeast Asia and Japan during the mid-17th century had a great impact on Chinese immigration to Japan. In the period of the Tokugawa Shogunate Chinese immigrant society shrank. The inherited cultural relationship between China and Japan, since the Sui and Tang dynasties, was continuous with the whole history of Chinese immigrant society developments. It stands out that Chinese immigrants to Japan was more influential on wider Japanese culture.