Testimony信念的确证——超越还原论与非还原论的新途径及对该途径的补充

Abstract

Testimony被视为一个重要的知识来源。Testimony信念的确证是testimony知识论中的一个基本问题。对于这个问题,知识论学者们长期争论不休,主要分为还原论和非还原论两种主张,但这两种主张都面临难着以解决的困难。不过,近十年来出现了两个很有创见的新理论,即詹妮弗·拉基(Jennifer Lackey)和保罗·福克纳(Paul Faulkner)分别所提出的testimony信念确证的理论。这两个理论是对还原论和非还原论的片面性的超越,这是文章重点论述的。此外,针对这两种新理论,文本给出了一个补充,即认为语境在testimony信念确证中也是一个不可忽视的因素。

Testimony has been regarded as an important source of human knowledge. One of the most important is- sues in the study of testimony is the justification of testimonial belief. Epistemologists have been arguing about this issue for a long time. Their views are mainly divided into Reductionism and Non-Reductionism, but both of the two positions have weaknesses that they are difficult to overcome. However, over the past decade, there appeared two original theories, which were raised by Jennifer lackey and Paul Faulkner respectively. The two new theories over- come the difficulties that Reductionism and Non-Reductionism have, which is the focus in this article. In addition, this article gives a supplement-context in the justification of the testimonial belief is a necessary factor to the two new theories.