朱熹自然研究的失误两则

Abstract

朱熹研究过自然,并有所贡献,但也有过失误:赞同"龙行雨"和"蜥蜴吐雹"的错误说法。朱熹自然研究的失误,源自于他对《大学》"格物"的诠释。他的"格物"既要求研究自然事物,具有自然科学的内涵,又要求研究包括各种自然事物在内的所有事物,以获取关于整个自然界乃至所有世界的绝对真理,因而又与自然科学有所背离。因此,评价朱熹的自然研究,既要肯定朱熹对于自然的研究,以及朱熹在一些自然科学领域的重要贡献,同时又必须看到朱熹的自然研究存在着诸多缺陷,并因而出现一些失误。

Abstraet：Zhu Xi once studied nature and had some contribution, and meanwhile had mistakes： He agreed with the wrong saying of ＂rain caused by dragons＂ and ＂hail from lizard spitting＂. These mistakes come from his interpreta- tion of ＂Gewu＂ （Investigating Things to Obtain Knowledge） in The Great Learning. His ＂Gewu＂ requires study of natural things, which has the connotation of natural science, but researching into all things to obtain the absolute truth about the nature and the world as a whole, so he departures from natural science. Therefore, in evaluating Zhu Xi＇ s natural research, we should affirm his research work on natural things and some important contribution in natural sciences, and must note that there are many defects in Zhu Xi＇ s natural research, leading to some mis- takes. Key words：Zhu Xi;natural research;＂ rain caused by dragons＂ ;＂ hail from lizard spitting＂