论唐诗中的“灞桥”和“津桥”

Abstract

“灞桥”和“津桥”，在唐两京占据“边界”和“节点”的地理位置。因其重要的交通意义和独特的人文风物，二者常触动唐人的“诗思”，成为诗歌创作中的常见意象。灞桥是唐人东出长安的“关口”和“门户”．灞桥飞絮的自然风景和折柳送别的传统习俗。决定了此地宴饯常盛及相关送别诗感伤悲戚的情感特征和美学色彩。津桥是洛阳城南北往来的“焦点”和“核心”，唐人津桥所望和所写，展示了洛阳的城市形象和个体的生存感受。因洛阳在安史之乱前后的历史变迁，唐人的津桥诗体现出东都“时清则优偃，政弊则戚居”的变化特点。二者在唐诗中所体现审美意境的不同，折射出长安和洛阳之间首都地位和陪都地位的差异，以及事功文化和闲适文化的差异。

Baqiao in the suburbs of Chang＇an and Jinqiao in the town of Luoyang were two famous stone bridges during the Tang dynasty, regarded as the boundary and node in geographic location, respectively. Due to their value for transportation and unique cultural landscape, the two bridges often tugged at the heartstrings of Tang poets and were common images in poetry composition. The natural scenery of swaying willows in Baqiao as the eastern gateway of Chang＇an and the traditional custom of picking willow twigs for departing friends meant that Baqiao was the venue of numerous banquets and the farewell poems were full of sorrowful sentiments and aesthetic colors. In comparison, Tang poems on Jinqiao as the focal point of north-south traffic in Luoyang reveal the image of the city and the feelings of its residents about their subsistence. Because of Luoyang＇s historical changes following the Anshi Rebellion, poems about Jinqiao have the following variation characteristics： enjoyment when country prospered and loneliness when politics was corrupted. As the representative city images of the two capitals, the different aesthetic colors reflect the political differences between the primary and secondary capitals and the differences between the culture of hard work and the culture of leisure.