明清湖南家族人口增长的趋势及差异——以族谱资料为中心的考察

Abstract

本文以《唐氏族谱》等八份湖南族谱为基本资料,研究明清时期湘中、湘南地区家族人口增长的整体趋势及差异性。研究表明,明清时期湘中、湘南地区与长江下游地区的家族人口增长率存在着某种一致性,大致在1%左右波动,且其长期升降趋势与我们对明清社会变迁的认识颇为吻合;自然灾害、战乱和社会经济的发展变化是家族人口变动的重要动因,天灾人祸造成人口短期的剧烈波动而社会经济变迁则型塑了人口变迁的长期轨迹;家族基因、家族发展模式及其所面对的外部环境共同造就了家族间人口发展的差异性。

The data from 8 genealogies in Hunan province are analyzed to ted to investigate the growth and discrepancy of clan populations in the Ming-Ching dynasty. It finds that the annual growth rate of the clan population fluctuated around1% in the middle, south and down stream of Yangtze River, the long term growth seemed to be consistent with the Hunan province is almost the same as the Yangtze River delta in the Ming-Ch'ing periods. The long growth tendency is consistent with the socio-economic changes in period of Ming-Ching Dynasty. Natural disasters, wars and socio-economic changes are the main driving forces of the population changes. Morever, natural disasters and wars shaped the short-term population fluctuations while the social economical changes determine the long-term population growth and the family genes, clan development patterns and outside environments brought about the discrepancy of clan populations.