东亚近现代文典式“品词”语法理论“环流”模式

Abstract

19世纪末20世纪初,东亚中国、韩国、日本三国出现了一些具有代表性的"文典"式语法著作。"文典"式语法著作贯穿着一个基本语法理论内核,那就是"品词"体系。在研究具体的语言对象时,东亚三国学者使用"品词"上各有所侧重,按"品词"分类情况不完全一致。站在东亚语史角度,可以看到,东亚三国"文典"式"品词"语法理论体系存在一种非常值得注意的"环流"现象,即由模仿英国"英语文典"等西方"品词"语法理论体系而创造了日语"文典"式"品词"著作理论体系,风行于日本之后,又进入到了东亚中国语、韩国语研究中来。因为特殊的时代关系,日本学者又有机会极力推广"文典"式"品词"著作语法理论体系,对中国和韩国语法研究产生了巨大的影响。中日两国语法学者对"文典"式"品词"语法理论体系局限的反思,是各自国语语法理论体系变革的需要,具有摆脱《英文典》式"品词"语法理论体系束缚,进而建立"东方语法模式"的"东方民族语法研究自觉意识"。

During the late 19 thand early 20 thcenturies,there appeared a number of representative grammar books named"Wendian"( classical grammar) in East Asian countries,including China,Korea and Japan. As the core of their basic grammatical theories,the concept of "Hinsi"( words classification) permeated these books. Linguists classified words differently while dealing with specific languages,hence different Hinsi systems emerged. From the perspective of the history of East Asian linguistics,we could see a circulation of them: the earliest Hinsi systems,practically a copy of Western words classification theory,were built by Japanese linguists. These systems were prevalent in Japan and spread to China and Korea as well. As a result of the peculiar historical background,Japanese linguists had the opportunity to promote their theory,which strongly influenced Chinese and Korean grammar studies. Reflections on the Hinsi theory in Chinese and Japanese linguistics point to the need to develop an independent grammatical theory. It reveals the consciousness of eliminating the constraints of Western grammar patterns and building an Eastern grammar system.