身份、边界与超个体——巴里巴尔激进政治理论中的“政治与主体关系”探析

Abstract

全球化资本主义时代,激进政治的话语、目标与主体都发生了变化,"政治与主体的关系"的讨论也因此成为后马克思主义激进政治理论的核心话题之一。在这其中,巴里巴尔从激进政治话语转换的角度,重述身份话语与激进政治的关系,认为当前政治斗争不再是阶级斗争,而是族群间的身份冲突。随之产生的两种不平等话语——国族主义与新种族主义放大了主体与边界之间的对立,使边界成为主体抗争的新对象。为解决二者之间的对立,巴里巴尔从理论构想与政治实践层面,构建了以"超个体"为政治主体形式的"新欧洲"。这一方案既体现了后马克思主义的理论共性,又有其独特的理论视角,对于我们思考全球化资本主义时代政治解放与政治主体的关系具有重要的理论借鉴意义。

The discourse,target,and subject of radical politics have changed in the era of capitalist globalization. As a result,the discussion of the relationship between politics and subject becomes one of the core topics of post- Marxist radical political theory. Within these discussions,Balibar restates its relationship with identity discourse from the perspective of discourse conversion of radical politics. He believes that current political struggle is the inter- ethnic identity conflict rather than class struggle. Going with this,nationalism and neo- racism,two ensuing unequal discourses,blow up the contradiction between subject and boundary,making boundary a new protest target of subject. In order to solve such confrontation,Balibar constructs a"New Europe"whose political subject is transindividual from the aspects of theoretical conception and political practice. This not only represents the general character of post- Marxism,but also shows its unique theoretical perspective,which plays an important role in promoting the understanding of the relationship between political emancipation and subject within the capitalist globalization background.