“总”从量化个体到量化事件的历时演变——兼论汉语中个体量化与事件量化的关系

Abstract

本文通过分析"总"量化功能的历时演变,探讨汉语中彼此独立而又紧密关联的个体量化与事件量化的关系。首先详细考察"总"量化功能的历时演变,指出在"总"由个体量化词演变为事件量化词的过程中,量化历时反复发生事件所涉的对象是其变化的关键。然后分析个体与事件的事理关联,指出"总"从量化个体到量化事件的语义过渡以及这一演变的逻辑顺序,从个体与事件的事理关联可以得到解释;并进一步指出汉语中个体量化与事件量化的关系:二者不是泾渭分明,而是既存在同一表达手段的功能交替,又有不同功能共享同一表达手段,在量化领域充分显示了个体与事件之间独立而又共存的关系。

Based on observations of the diachronic changes of zong(总) 's quantificational function, this paper explores the relationship between quantification over individuals and quantification over events in Chinese. As an individual quantifier, zong can quantify over plural individuals which are participants of recurring events over time, and then quantify over recurring events themselves but focusing on their similarities in space while ignoring their differences in time until it finally became a pure event quantifier. The evolution of zong' s function reflects an intimate relationship between quantifications over individuals and events in Chinese. Such an intimacy is based on an intimacy between individuals and events, which, as the specific forms of space and time, are two ontologies of the world. Several phenomena in Chinese quantification illustrate the close relationship between individuals and events.