走过一甲子：中国社会保障制度的反思及愿景

Abstract

走过一甲子,特别是改革开放30多年来,中国逐步建成了统账结合的社会保险制度,实现了从制度全覆盖到人员全覆盖的双重跨越,达到了经济发展与社会保障水平同步提高。当然,中国社会保障制度在建设过程中还存在着社会保障相关主体责任关系及范围界定不清、社会保障始终作为经济发展的补充而不是独立的制度设置、社会保障的公平不足而效率有余、社会保障制度设置与变更行政化倾向明显等问题。究其原因就在于中国社会保障制度抽象借鉴了发达国家的公平基础及公平内容,简单照搬了发达国家的制度模式,肆意扩大社会保障的界限与范围。因此,完善中国社会保障制度,首先要对现行的各项社会保障制度进行科学测量与评估,在此基础上明确建设更加公平、更可持续的社会保障制度的任务,建立起底线公平为原则的基础普惠社会保障制度,切实增强中国社会保障事业的制度自信与道路自信,为人类社会保障事业贡献中国模式。

During the 60 years, especially the last 30 years, China has built the mixed social insurance system of Commission Account gradually and realize the dual improvement of full coverage from systems to residents, reaching the synchronous improvement of economic development and social welfare. It is no doubt that there are still some problems, such as the illegibility of social security relevant part＇ s responsibility and range, the supplementary role instead of the individual role played by social welfare system, the redundancy of effectiveness existing while lacking of fair, and the obvious tendency of administrative building and institutional change of social security system. The reason is that the social security system has simply draw lessons from the developed countries with fair base and content, copied their system model directly and expanded the boundary and scope of social security arbitrarily. Therefore, in order to improve China＇s social security sys definite the tem, we should make scientific measurement and evaluation of all social security system, clear and fairer and more sustainable, and build the basic universal social security model based on the princi ple of basic equality to promote the realization of basic universal Social Security System, which will make great contribution to human social security affair with Chinese model and enhance the self-confidence of system and road of Chinese social security affair effectively.