中国古代异姓王朝更迭中的禅让:规范、制度、暴力和利益——对传统政治社会皇权魔魅的文化考察

Abstract

中国古代历史上主要异姓王朝中央政权更迭主要是通过政治禅让加以完成的,并且集中在汉魏晋南北朝隋唐五代宋王朝之间,传统上政治禅让被看作是权力合法转移的标志。从规范、制度、暴力和利益的视角对中国历史上的13次政治禅让事件进行考察,可以发现其根源在于传统政治社会皇权的价值魔魅。而禅让本质上是对皇权价值魔魅的破除和消解,政治禅让的消失意味着权力的工具化和价值中立。

Political abdication was believed to be a major way of transferring the central power to the next dynasty with a different surname in ancient Chinese history,besides,it was very popular,especially in the Han Dynasty,Wei Dynasty,Jin Dynasty,the Northern and Southern Dynasties,Sui and Tang Dynasty and Five Dynasties. Traditionally,political abdication was usually regarded as a symbol of a legal transfer of the royal power. This paper studies 13 political abdications in ancient Chinese history from the perspective of code,system,violence and benefit,and finds that the enchantment of royal power in the traditional political society is the main cause of those abdications. Meanwhile,abdication is actually a disenchantment of royal power. As a result,the vanishing of political abdication leads to the instrumentalization and value neutrality of royal power.