论宗教身份对出家人的私法和公法能力的影响

Abstract

出家就是抛弃世俗社会的行为规则,采用"灵修世界"的行为规则。民法是为世俗的国民制定的,原则上不适用于出家人,他们有自己的身份法。无论是天主教还是汉传佛教,莫不如此。此等法限制出家人的民事权利能力,由此完成世俗社会与"灵修世界"的区隔。所以,公民的权利能力一律平等的规定是错误的,因为出家人的权利能力受到了限制。这种限制是他们自愿承受的,所以,权利能力不得放弃的命题也是错误的。

To enter into religion is to abandon the rules of behavior of secular society and to adopt the rules of behavior of a spiritual world. Civil law is formulated for the secular nationals,and not apply to in principle the monks,they have their own status law. Whether Catholicism or Chinese Buddhism,both follow this way.These status laws restrict legal capacity of monks,thereby completing a separation between the secular society and the spiritual world. Therefore,the norm of ‘all citizens are equal as regard their capacity for civil rights ‘is wrong,because the monk's legal capacity is limited. They accept this limitation in voluntary way,therefore,the proposition of ‘the legal capacity may not to be waived 'is wrong.