运动员仲裁权益保障的困境及其修正——兼述里约奥运会仲裁案件

Abstract

CAS一直以成为全球体育仲裁领域最高权威为发展目标,里约奥运会AHD共办理28起仲裁案件,裁决数量为历届奥运会之最。经济来源受限、组织结构受困,导致CAS生而不独立。排他性强制仲裁协议、任意适用先例的习惯、兴奋剂纠纷严格责任原则的适用,进一步损害运动员仲裁权益,违背＂自然正义＂。体育仲裁亦是自治的法律秩序,有必要通过重塑仲裁员选任程序,落实仲裁庭管辖权自裁原则,确立遵循先例规则,适用混合归责制度等尽可能保障运动员个体利益。同时,未来中国体育仲裁之制度设计有必要参考CAS常设仲裁庭和向重大体育赛事派驻临时仲裁庭的双元模式,在确保仲裁机构财政来源和组织结构公正独立的基础上予以程序构建。

CAS has always been pursuing its goal of serving as the supreme court for sports. In total, 28 applications have been registered by the CAS ad hoc Division, setting a new record of cases for one hosting of the Olympic Games. Because of the limited source of economic structure and organization structure, CAS is not independent. Exclusive compulsory arbitration agreement, habit of any applicable precedent, application of strict liability principles of doping disputes, damage the rights and interests of athletes＇ arbitration, contrary to the natural justice. Sports arbitration is the legal order of autonomy, it is necessary to reshape the appointment of the arbitrators, implement self-adjudicating jurisdiction principle of the arbitration tribunal, and take the mixed responsibility system to protect the interests of individual athletes. Meanwhile, the future of Chinese sports arbitration system is necessary to take both the CAS permanent arbitration tribunal and the provisional arbitration tribunal for major sporting events, ensuring the financial resources and organizational structure of the arbitration institution just and independent.