不同经营模式下的“社区参与”机制比较研究——以古村落旅游为例

Abstract

本文通过实地调查、文献分析、比较研究等方法,分别对处于不同经营模式下的古村落——福建省永定县洪坑村、福建省武夷山市下梅村和安徽省黟县西递村的社区参与问题进行研究,在剖析其现状的基础上,以社区参与机制为视角,从利益表达机制、利益分配机制、利益补偿机制、利益激励机制四个维度对三种不同经营模式下的社区参与作比较分析与思考。

The ancient-village is not only a tourism destination,but also a sociological sense of relatively typical community.Community participation is an important condition and protection for the sustainable development of community tourism.It must show some different situation and characteristics in the different stages of community and tourism development.Therefore,how to make best of the situation and promote its in-depth development is an inevitable problem. Through such methods as field investigation,literature analysis and comparative research,This paper selects community participation in ancient-village tourism as the study object and studies separately three ancientvillages—Hongkeng Village,Yongding County of Fujian Province,Xiamei Village,Wuyishan County of Fujian Province,Xidi Village,Yi County of Anhui Province,which are under different operating modes and have the representative significances.This paper dissects the current situation of community participation in three ancient-villages above,mainly including management subject,the nature of the tourism company,the way of earning distribution and the overview of community participation.And then,on the basis of current situation,regarding mechanism of‘community participation'as the visual angle,the paper analyzes three kinds of operating modes from expression mechanism of interests,distribution mechanism of interests, compensation mechanism of interests and incentive mechanism of interests. Through the research,the authors discover that as the restrictions of the overall self-development level of‘community participation',the mechanism of community participation under different operating modes is still imperfect.Among them,government-led mode in Hongkeng Village has many defects in four mechanism mentioned above so that it has obstructed the development of community tourism in Hongkeng Village. Shareholding mode in Xiamei Village is still at the initial stage,the joint-stock company has not yet been profitable and the mechanism of community participation also has some problems,however,the mode self is an advanced mode and suitable for the actual situation in Xiamei Village.Therefore,as long as the effective measures are taken to improve the mode,it will certainly promote the rapid development of tourism in Xiamei Village.And the township enterprises mode is in line with the tourism development in many areas in Xidi Village,but still needs to be improved.Alao,the authors hope to achieve the goal which promotes the research on‘community participation'and the in-depth development of ancient-village tourism.