制定大学章程的策略探析

Abstract

我国已经进入法治时代,从没有明文章程到制定章程,是大学走上规范化办学的一个重要标志,是大学自主办学改革取得重要进展的反映。就章程制定而言,在大学创建时期,往往由举办者制定,以解决办学的基本问题为目的;在大学发展时期,常常由权力部门修订章程,以解决办学的适应性问题。与此同时,它还表现出鲜明的国家特色,在分权文化背景下,主要由大学权力部门自主制定和修订;在集权文化背景下,常常由外部权力机关负责制定和修订,或者经其授权由大学负责制定和修订,外部权力机关予以审议批准。我国采取的是一种政府委托代理制的方式,政府授权大学制定,政府主管部门核准。为此,大学应当从现实和长远发展需要出发,以应当解决的问题为导向,以能够解决的问题为重点,谋求内部领导管理体制和治理结构的创新,采取以教授为主体,扩大各利益相关群体的代表性的策略,制订一份真正能够切实保障提高自主办学能力的重要政策文件。

University constitution is an important indicator of school autonomy and accountability.In the early years of the university,it is usually those founders who laid down the principles of running a school.Later,school authority often has to revise the constitution so as to adapt to new situations.In a relatively decentralized country,it is rather common for the university to draw up a constitution on their own.On the other hand,in a highly centralized culture,it is normally the external authority that is responsible for drafting and revising the constitution,or authorizes the university to submit a draft constitution for review and approval.In China,university constitution is also drafted through such delegation of authority.To draw up a university constitution successfully,it is necessary to take a longterm perspective and problem-oriented approach,reform the university internal governance structure so that the faculty would bear ultimate responsibility here,and take the interests of all stakeholders into account.