劳动力市场分割视阈下的大学生就业流动

Abstract

以大学生的就业流动为研究对象,运用劳动力市场分割理论考察中国大学生就业流动的现状、问题及成因。研究表明:中国的劳动力市场因经济发展非均衡、制度性缺失和地方保护主义而在城乡、区域和行业中存在明显的主、次劳动力市场二元分割。因主、次劳动力市场差距较大,多数高校毕业生选择流向主要劳动力市场就业。学校类型与层次等教育因素对毕业生就业流向有重要影响。次要劳动力市场已逐渐成为高校毕业生就业的主战场。两大市场间因存在较大垂直落差,从主要劳动力市场流入次要劳动力市场容易,而逆向流动则十分困难且成本较高。主、次劳动力市场间的垂直落差和非均衡状态是相对的,将随着时间的推移以及经济、制度和政策等多种因素的变化而变化。

Taking the job mobility of university students as the object of study,this paper employs the theory of labor market segmentation to analyze the current situation,the problems and the reasons of the job mobility of university students.Because of the imbalance of economic development,the institutional deficiency and the regional protectionism,there is an obvious dual division in the labor market in the city and countryside,and in different regions and professions.Most of the university graduates choose the primary labor market due to the wide gap between the primary labor market and the secondary labor market.The educational factors,such as the types and levels of universities,have a great influence on the job mobility of university graduates.The secondary labor market has already become the major battlefield of the university students who search for jobs.Entering the secondary labor market from the primary labor market is quite easy.However,entering the primary labor market from the secondary labor market is not so easy but costly.The imbalance between the primary and the secondary labor market is relative,which will change as the change of economy,institution and policies.