科举制兴起的深层逻辑

Abstract

科举制的兴起有其内部与外部的深层逻辑。就内部而言,它是人类人才选拔活动发展规律驱动的必然结果,即由“推(选)举——推(选)举并考察——规范化考试“的不断追求科学、公平与效率的历史选择;就外部而言,它是特定历史阶段政治、经济、文化等发展需求的综合产物,即以地主经济为基础的、配合专制官僚政治的、符合儒家文化思想的选官制度。科举制废止于清末,亦正因其改革未能及时适应内外部环境的巨大变化而导致的悲剧性结果。

The rise of the system of imperial examination had its internal and external deep logic.In term of the internal,it was the inevitable result which impelled by the development discipline of human's selecting talents behavior,that is from election to election and test,and then to standardized examination,which for seeking science,fair and just.In term of the external,it was the integration products of politics,economics and culture and so on in particular history,that is a system of official election which based on the feudal landlord economy,coordinated with the dictatorship bureaucracy politic,and conformed to the Confucianism culture.In fact,the system of imperial examination was abolished in the end of Qing Dynasty,exactly because its reform wasn't geared to the internal and external change.