教育学:人文科学抑或社会科学?——兼与张楚廷先生商榷

Abstract

教育学属于人文科学还是社会科学,这是一个非常基本的命题。回答该问题的方式不同,答案也就不同,而且回答方式对教育学的建设思路有着非常直接的影响。从历史上看,教育学学科属性发生了很大变化,它由传统的人文科学逐渐转向社会科学。而在20世纪中叶之后,教育学出现了向综合科学方向发展的态势。这说明教育学既具有人文科学的禀赋,也具有社会科学的倾向,而目下则呈现出多元化发展态势。面对教育功利化趋向,教育必须回归其自身,教育应成为价值主体而不能单纯地作为工具出现。其中,教育学的人文价值取向是教育学必须时刻观照的一个目标,而作为综合科学的教育学更有利于教育学学科的自身发展。

Does pedagogy belong to humanities or social sciences? How to answer this basic question is very crucial to the direction of the construction of pedagogy.Historically,the attribute of pedagogy had changed greatly,which had experienced the transformation from humanities to social sciences,then to comprehensive sciences after the mid-20th century.The changing trend tells us that pedagogy has both the qualities of humanities and social sciences,it shows the trend of diversity currently.Facing utilitarian tendency of education,education should return to itself.Education should act as value subject rather than simply as the instrument.Furthermore,the humanity orientation of pedagogy is one of the goals that should be witnessed constantly,while,when taken as comprehensive sciences,pedagogy will be more beneficial to the development of the discipline of pedagogy.