文化视域中的高等教育变革——中国高等教育近代化模式再认识

Abstract

中国高等教育近代化是中西文化失衡的产物,它经历清末的“探索期“和民国前期的“成型期“,在学科、学制和学位制度方面表现出明显的西方文化取向。这些变革既是传统高等教育制度的转型,也是民族文化传统的蜕变,由此产生的文化裂痕至今难以弥合。当今国内高校“国学热“的兴起,是对长期以来片面强调专才培养,忽视通识教育传统的一种矫正与文化回归。中国高等教育近代化的曲折历程表明:文化创新是高等教育变革的原动力,国际文化交流是高等教育发展的必要条件,传承民族优秀文化是高等教育发展的重要基础。

The modernization of China's higher education is a product of Chinese and Western culture imbalance.It went through "explicating phase" in the late Qing Dynasty and "forming phase" in the early Republic of China,and demonstrated a clear Western culture orientation in the subject,education system and degree system.These changes are not only the transformation of the traditional higher education system,but also the evolution of national cultural traditions,leading to the difficulties of integrating the cultural rift so far.Nowadays,the rise of "Confucianism fever" in Chinese colleges is a correction and cultural regression of the unilateral emphasis on training professionals and the neglecting of the general education tradition for a long time.The course of China's higher education modernization indicates that cultural innovation is the driving force of higher education reforming,international cultural exchange is a necessary condition of higher education development and national cultural heritage is an important basis of higher education development.