俄罗斯私立高等教育发展20年回顾及其评价

Abstract

20世纪90年代初期,俄罗斯消亡了70余年的私立高等教育复苏。私立高等教育的复苏促使俄罗斯高等教育完成了从全面的国家垄断向市场机制转轨的过程,推动了一个开放、民主、多元化的高等教育系统的形成,为解决教育问题和稳定社会秩序做出了贡献。今天,私立高等教育发展成为了高等教育系统的组成部分,但事实上仅发挥着补充国立高等教育的功能。诸多因素影响着私立高等教育的发展,其中,统一的教育政策推动了私立高等教育的发展,也导致了它失去了个性化发展的权利。此外,俄罗斯传统的社会意识对凡是私有制事物的异常反应使得私立高等教育的法律地位得不到落实,合法权益受到损害。

In the late 1990s,private higher education,which had disappeared for more than 70 years,reappeared in Russia.Reappearance of private higher education promoted the transformation of Russia's higher education from an overall state monopolized system to a market-regulated one,and the formation of a open,democratic and diversified higher education system in China,contributing to social stability at the same time.Today,private higher education has become a component of Russia's higher education system,but as a matter of fact,it remains only a complement to public higher education.Quite a few factors have affected the development of private higher education in Russian.For example,unified education policy had promoted the development of private higher education,but at the same time,deprived private higher education of its individual characteristics Besides,traditional Russian society distrusts anything that is privately owned,which had also eroded the legitimate rights of private higher education and undermined its legal status.