学术自由理念在德国大学的形成及影响

Abstract

学术自由是最悠久、最重要的现代大学理念之一。它孕育于西欧的中世纪大学,在德国得到了实践的检验和进一步的继承与发展,并对德国大学的后来居上以至19世纪的辉煌鼎盛都起到了重要的作用,进而也影响了整个世界高等教育的发展基调。本文试图从历史的角度,完整考察学术自由在德国从不自觉的萌芽到制度化的历史进程及影响,以期为现实提供参照与借鉴。

Academic freedom is the oldest and the most important concept of modern universities which was conceived in the medieval universities of Western Europe.It was proved by practice,inherited and developed in Germany.This concept has made important contributions to the prosperity of German universities in the 19th century,and left great effects on the development of higher education throughout the world.This paper tries to examine academic freedom from the embryonic phase to the process of institutionalization in the historical perspective in order to indicate the source and reference to reality.