科举考试的公正追求及其悖反——制度伦理的视角

Abstract

科举考试演变成一种社会制度之后,要求制度公正的压力越来越大,科举制的发展历程就是一个不断追求公正的过程,其形式上的公正日臻完善,为当时社会的发展提供了维持社会秩序的机制,并为后世开启了社会公正的方向。但在整体上是一种非正义的社会环境中,从制度公正的积极方面和消极方面都做着最大程度的努力。但正因为科举制对公正的过度追求,最后造成其自身难以克服的伦理悖论,各种繁复细密的公正举措不但妨碍了公正性本身,而且离其初始的道德目标越来越远。

After being evolved into a kind of social system, the pressure of pursuing system justice for imperial examination is increasing.The development of imperial examination system is a continuous process of pursuing justice.Its justice in form is becoming more perfect, which provides the system of maintaining social order at that time and initiates the direction of justice for later ages.However, faced with the social environment of injustice, the excessive pursuit of imperial examination system for justice leads to ethical paradox which is difficult to overcome by itself finally.A variety of complex measures not only impede the justice itself, but also go further and further away from its initial ethical goals.