大规模考试录取公平诉求的历史考察与启思

Abstract

对高考录取中的公平诉求这一问题,作远距离的历史考察颇有必要。科举录取的凭才取人与逐路取人之博弈长达六百余年。民国政府在20世纪前半叶为区域招生的公平也进行过两次努力。历史告诉我们,考试制度作为一种教育制度或竞争机制,需受制甚至服从于政治制度。在可以预见的相当长一段时期,高考实行分省录取仍有其必要性。要想比较彻底地矫治乃至根治地域间高等教育机会的失衡问题,一定要通过调整高等教育布局、大力发展和扶持中西部的普通教育和高等教育等办法,逐步使地域间的经济、教育和文化等都均衡发展。

It is necessary to review the history of the admissions equity of college entrance examination.The argument lasts for more than 600 years that the admission in imperial examinations is based on examination results or regions.And during the first half of the 20th century,the Republic of China tries twice for the admissions equity between regions.The history tells us that,as an educational system or com-peting mechanism,examination system will be restricted by or subordinated to political system.It can be predicted that the admission based on provineces will last for a long time in the future.In order to weaken or diminish the inequity in the access to higher education among provinces,it is crucial to adjust higher education structure,make great efforts to develop the education in the mid and western parts of China in order to make the development of economy,education and culture be more balanced among regions.