DNA功能化金纳米及其应用

Abstract

金纳米颗粒拥有独特的光学和电学性质,被广泛地应用于分析检测、催化和生物医学等领域.通过改变尺寸和形状能够可控地调节金纳米颗粒的等离子体共振吸收峰,进而改变金纳米颗粒的光学和电学特性.而在金纳米表面修饰dnA,使金纳米颗粒具有dnA的特异性识别能力和可寻址能力,则能够有效地扩展金纳米颗粒在纳米组装、环境监测、疾病诊断、药物运输和纳米颗粒合成方面的应用.本文系统总结了不同大小金纳米颗粒的合成方法,探讨如何在金纳米颗粒上快速修饰dnA,研究了影响金纳米颗粒表面dnA的修饰密度、功能及稳定性的因素,并描述了dnA功能化的金纳米颗粒在检测、组装、载药和纳米颗粒合成中的应用.本文将进一步加深人们对dnA功能化金纳米颗粒的制备、性质及应用的了解,为dnA功能化金纳米颗粒的研究提供指导.

Gold nanoparticles have been widely applied to different natural sciences due to its unique optical and electrical properties.It is easy to control the size and shape of gold nanoparticles to adjust the absorption peak of gold nanoparticles and change the optical and electrical properties.When gold nanoparticles are functionalized with DNA, they are endowed with the recognition ability and addressability of DNA, and it further widens the applications of gold nanoparticles in nanoparticle assembly, environmental monitoring, disease diagnosis, drug delivery, and nanoparticle synthesis.First, this review systematically summarized the synthesis of gold nanoparticles with different sizes.Second, it discussed how to rapidly functionalize gold nanoparticles with DNA.Moreover, it studied the factors that affect the density, function, and stability of DNA on gold nanoparticle surface.Finally, it described the applications of gold nanoparticles in detection, nanoparticle assembly, drug delivery, and nanoparticle synthesis.This review would promote understanding of the preparations, properties, and applications of DNA functionalized gold nanoparticles, and would provide guidance for the research of DNA functionalized gold nanoparticles.