正向渗透膜分离技术及其应用综述

Abstract

正向渗透是一项新型的利用半透膜两侧溶液渗透压差作为驱动力的膜分离技术。文章介绍了正向渗透膜分离技术的原理和影响因素,对其在各个领域(包括海水淡化、废水处理、橙汁浓缩、水袋)的研究进展进行了综述。现有的研究表明,可用于正向渗透工艺的膜不同于常规的反渗透膜,需要从膜结构开发适合的膜组件;采用nH3和CO2制备提取液是目前研究中具有应用前途的方式之一,具有产水率高且易于分离浓缩的优点。

Forward osmosis(FO) is a novel membrane separation technique which utilizes osmotic pressure differential as the driving force and themechanism features of forward osmosis process are introduced.The research progress in seawater desalination,orange juice concentrate,wastewater treatment,water bag is also reviewed.The research shows that FO membrane is different from RO membrane.Appropriate FO membrane should be developed by consideration of the membrane structure.The processing ammonia and carbon dioxide to prepare draw solution is one of the most promising processes,because of the high water flux and being easily separated.