超冷量子气体的统计性质

Abstract

近年来超冷量子气体的研究取得了一系列重大实验突破,其中包括玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚(bEC)的实现、超冷简并费米气的获得以及分子bEC的成功观测等,同时,bEC及简并费米气体相关理论也成为一个热门的研究课题.结合本研究组近期的部分研究工作简要地阐述超冷量子气体的统计性质,主要内容包括量子气体的尺度效应、外势的约束作用、粒子间相互作用的影响、Q-形变量子气体的低温特性和非广延统计等.所得结论对进一步深入认识量子气体的低温特性,揭示各种宏观量子效应的实质具有一定的理论价值.

A series of major experimental breakthroughs have been obtained in the researches of ultracold quantum gases in the past years,which include the realization of Bose-Einstein condensation(BEC),the achievements of Fermi degeneracy and the observations of molecular BEC.This renewed the theoretical studies on the characteristics of BEC and degenerate Fermi gases,which have become a topic of great interest in the recent years.Based on the research works of our groups in the last years,the statistical properties of ultracold quantum gases are briefly described.The main contents include:the finite-size effects of quantum gases,roles of external potential,influence of interatomic interaction,low temperature behaviors of q-deformed quantum gas and the nonextensive statistics.The results obtained may be helpful to the further understanding of the low temperature behaviors of quantum gases as well as the underlying nature of various macroscopic quantum effects.