中国重要海洋中上层经济鱼类生物学研究进展

Abstract

中国海洋中上层鱼类的种类繁多,近几年来,其总产量占全国海洋捕捞总产量的40%左右。日本鲭、蓝圆鲹和鳀等中上层鱼类生活史大多为r选择型,资源更新速度一般比底层和近底层鱼类较快,因此其资源可持续利用的前景更为广阔。本文综述了中国重要海洋中上层鱼类渔业的发展概况,主要介绍了年产量位于前列的日本鲭、蓝圆鲹、蓝点马鲛、银鲳和鳀等5种鱼类生物学的研究进展,阐明了这些种类的种群鉴别和划分、洄游分布、越冬场、产卵场和产卵期、年龄和生长、摄食习性、生殖力和群体结构变化等资源生物学的研究现状,以及其资源量和可捕量的评估结果,并展望了其资源生物学研究的前景。

A large number of marine pelagic fishes inhabit China's seawaters.In the past few years,their total capture production accounted for 40% of total marine catches in the country.Marine pelagic fishes of Scomber japonicas,Decapterus maruadsi and Engraulis japonicas belong to r-selection of life history pattern,and their resources usually recover faster than those of the demersal or near demersal fish species.Therefore,the resources of marine pelagic fishes can be used more sustainably.Development of important marine pelagic fisheries in China is review ed in this paper,particularly with regard to the five top production species,i.e.Scomber japonicus,Decapterus maruadsi,Scomberomorus niphonius,Pampus punctatissimus and Engraulis japonicus.Research status of resource biology of population identification and classification, migration and distribution,w intering ground,spaw ning ground and period,age and grow th,feeding habits, fecundity and stock structure of the five species,together with the assessment of their biomass and total allow able catches is illustrated.Future study on their resource biology is also discussed.