中国海洋一般中上层经济鱼类生物学研究的回顾与前瞻
Review and prospect of biological study on common marine pelagic commercial fishes in China
摘要
中国海洋一般中上层经济鱼类种类繁多,大多为r选择型或由k选择型演变为r选择型,资源更新速度较快、可持续利用的前景较为广阔,在中国海洋捕捞业产量中的比重呈上升趋势。本文综述了中国海洋一般中上层经济鱼类的渔业发展概况,着重介绍了鳓(IlISHA ElOngATA)、灰鲳(PAMPuS CInErEuS)、竹鱼(TrACHuruS JAPOnICuS)、金色小沙丁鱼(SArdInEllA AurITA)、黄海鲱(CluPEA HArEnguS PAllASI)和黄鲫(SETIPInnA TATy)等6种主要种类资源生物学的研究进展,概述了这些种类的种群鉴别和划分、洄游分布、越冬场、产卵场及其产卵期、年龄和生长、摄食习性、生殖力和群体结构变动,以及其资源量和可捕量的评估,同时展望了其资源生物学研究的前景并提出了前瞻性建议。 A great variety of common marine pelagic commercial fishes inhabit in China's seawaters,and most of them belong to r- selection of life history pattern or r- selection of life history pattern evolving from K- selection of life history pattern.The resources of common marine pelagic commercial fishes recover faster and possess vast potential for future utilization.The proportion of common marine pelagic commercial fishes show upward trend in marine fishing production in China.Development of common marine pelagic fisheries in China is reviewed in this paper,particularly with regard to biological research progress in the six main species,Ilisha elongata,Pampus cinereus,Trachurus japonicus,Sardinella aurita,Clupea harengus pallasi and Setipinna taty.The population identification and classification,migration and distribution,wintering ground,spawning ground and period,age and growth,feeding habits,fecundity and dynamic stock structure of the six species as well as their biomass and total allowable catches are outlined.Meanwhile,future study on their resource biology is also discussed and prospected.