中国主要海洋底层鱼类生物学研究的回顾与展望

Abstract

回顾了中国海洋主要底层经济鱼类资源生物学的研究历史和科研成果,并重点叙述了带鱼、小黄鱼、大黄鱼和绿鳍马面鲀等重要经济鱼类资源生物学研究概况。概述的内容包括地理种群及其产卵群体的鉴别和划分、生活史型的演变、种群和群体结构、种群数量变动、年龄组成和生长特性、摄食习性、性成熟周期、性腺成熟指数(gSI)、产卵群体生殖力、产卵场、索饵场、越冬场及洄游路线、资源量和渔获量、各种作业渔船的调整及其捕捞力量的限制措施等,并展望了中国海洋底层经济鱼类资源生物学研究的前景。

Historical investigation and the achievements of resources biology of main marine demersal food fishes along the coastal waters of China,with special regard to the ribbon fish(Trichiurus japonicus),small yellow croaker(Larimichthys polyactis),large yellow croaker(Larimichthys crocea)and black scraper(Thamnaconus modestus),are reviewed in this paper.This review covers the identification and classification of fish geographical populations and their spawning stocks,historical pattern changes,the structure of populations and stocks,age composition and growth characteristics,feeding habits,sex mature cycles,gonadosomatic index(GSI),fecundity of the spawning stocks,spawning grounds,feeding grounds,wintering grounds,migration routes,assessment of amounts of nature resources and catches,adjustment of fishing boats,and restricted measures for fishing effort.The prospects and problems of resource biology of main marine demersal food fishes along the coastal waters of China are also discussed.